Smart Antennas: Recent Trends in Design and Applications

1) Introduction to Microstrip Antenna: The chapter includes basics of microstrip antenna, its design issues, and various applications.

2) Fractal and Defected Ground Structure Microstrip Antenna for Wireless Applications: The chapter highlights the characteristics of antenna miniaturization technology across distinct fractal geometries. Non-Euclidian geometry is fractal geometry. The fractal geometry antenna has multi-band frequency of operation with a relatively larger bandwidth. Fractal antennas have demerits that can be effectively optimized by defective ground structure over traditional antennas. Numerous applications such as WLAN, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, WCN, Mobile 2G,3G, 4G, 5G, Wi-Max, etc., are seen in the research discussed in this article.

3) Role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Market Developments and Financial Stability Implications: This research article provides a general role of AI in financial services and its definition in practical scenarios.

4) Performance Analysis of Microstrip Patch Antenna for Various Applications: With the development of wireless communication systems, compact wireless devices that allow more space for the integration of other electronic components are needed.

5) Importance and Uses of Microstrip Antenna in IoT: This chapter attempts to consider how the IoT (Internet of Things) is revolutionizing the world. IoT is a network similar to the monster wherein different devices interconnect and furnish to communicate with each other.

6) Use of Smart-Antenna in Mobile Communication: By researching the smart antenna techniques, it is observed that the success of the smart antenna lies on two major factors: first, the smart antenna’s features need to be considered early in the design phase of future systems (top-down compatibility); second, a realistic performance evaluation of smart antenna techniques needs to be performed according to the critical parameters associated with future system requirements (bottom-up feasibility).